Al-Mumtahanah 60
The Woman Examined读音标注说明
الرَّحْمَٰنِ르r라흐마니 بِسْمِ비스밀
- 粗体= 单词的重音音节,读得稍重。
- 上划线= 长元音(麦德),拖长约两拍。诵读中最重要的长度。
- 小字= 阿拉伯语这里没有元音,只发辅音,短促。
- 小拉丁字母= 韩语里没有的音,标在后面的音节上。f 上齿碰下唇 · θ/ð 舌尖放在齿间 · r 舌尖颤动(只有“ㄹ”时是 l)。
读音标注说明
beginning the Christ salvation
- 粗大字(ˈ)= 重读、稍长。单词里最重的音节。
- 浅色字= 弱读、短读(含糊元音)。不要每个音节一样重。
- 小号的 “으·트·스”= 几乎不发音。英语里没有这个元音,只发辅音。
- 整个词都浅(the、of、and、to…)= 句中轻读、快读,重读名词、动词等实词。
- 小号的 f v θ ð r= 韩语里没有的音。f 上齿轻触下唇,v 同样位置并发声,θ/ð 舌尖放在上下齿之间,r 舌头卷起、不碰任何地方。
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章
关于本章
本章被归为麦地那时期降示的章节。开篇警告信士不要暗中与那些驱逐使者和信士的真主之敌交好,并指出在复活日,血亲和子女都毫无用处。随后本章以易卜拉欣(亚伯拉罕)及与他同在的人为榜样,他们与崇拜偶像的族人决裂,并引述他们的祈祷。同时本章作出区分:对于那些没有因宗教而与信士作战、也没有把信士逐出家园的人,真主并不禁止善待他们、公平对待他们。后面的经文涉及迁徙而来的信道的妇女,指示要考验她们,不要把她们送回给不信道者,并解决了聘礼的问题。最后,先知被嘱咐按照列明的条件接受信道的妇女的效忠誓约。
- 不与敌人结盟
- 以易卜拉欣为榜样
- 公正对待和平者
- 迁徙的信道妇女
- 妇女的效忠誓约
章名由来 本章名称指第10节,该节指示信士考验前来投奔他们的迁徙的信道妇女。
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1
O you who believe, do not take My enemy and your enemy as allies, offering them affection, while they have disbelieved in the truth that has come to you. They drive out the Messenger and you [from Mecca] because you believe in God, your Lord. If you have gone forth to strive in My way and seeking My good pleasure, [do not take them as allies]. You confide affection to them in secret, but I know best what you conceal and what you reveal. And whoever of you does that has strayed from the right path.
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2
If they gain the upper hand over you, they will be enemies to you and stretch out their hands and their tongues against you with evil, and they wish that you would disbelieve.
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3
Your blood ties and your children will be of no help to you. On the Day of Resurrection He will decide between you, and God observes what you do.
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4
There has already been for you an excellent example in Abraham and those with him, when they said to their people, "We are free of you and of whatever you worship besides God. We reject you, and there has arisen between us and you enmity and hatred forever until you believe in God alone" — except for Abraham's saying to his father, "I will surely ask forgiveness for you, though I have no power to [do] anything for you against God." "Our Lord, in You we put our trust, and to You we turn, and to You is the final return.
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5
Our Lord, do not make us a trial for those who disbelieve, and forgive us, our Lord. Indeed You are the Almighty, the All-Wise."
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6
There has certainly been for you in them an excellent example — for whoever hopes in God and the Last Day. And whoever turns away — indeed God is the Self-Sufficient, the Praiseworthy.
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7
Perhaps God will place affection between you and those of them with whom you are at enmity. And God is All-Powerful, and God is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.
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8
God does not forbid you from those who have not fought you because of religion and have not driven you out of your homes — from being kind to them and acting justly toward them. Indeed God loves those who act justly.
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9
God only forbids you from those who fought you because of religion, drove you out of your homes, and supported [others] in driving you out — from taking them as allies. And whoever takes them as allies — they are the wrongdoers.
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10
O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them. God knows best about their faith. If you ascertain that they are believers, do not send them back to the disbelievers. They are not lawful for them, nor are they lawful for them. And give [their former husbands] what they have spent. And there is no blame on you if you marry them when you have given them their dowries. And do not hold on to marriage ties with disbelieving women, and ask for [the return of] what you have spent, and let them ask for what they have spent. That is the judgement of God; He judges between you. And God is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
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11
And if any of your wives go over to the disbelievers and then you have your turn [of gain], give those whose wives have gone the equivalent of what they spent. And be mindful of God, in whom you are believers.
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12
O Prophet, when believing women come to you pledging allegiance to you that they will not associate anything with God, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor bring a slander they have fabricated between their hands and their feet, nor disobey you in what is right, then accept their pledge and ask God's forgiveness for them. Indeed God is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.
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13
O you who believe, do not take as allies a people with whom God is angry. They have despaired of the Hereafter, just as the disbelievers have despaired of those in the graves.